Cài đặt Python 3 trên Centos 7 và set làm mặc định

I. Introduction

What is Python?

Python is a powerful, high-level, object-oriented programming language created by Guido van Rossum. It’s easy to learn and is emerging as one of the best introductory programming languages for newbies. Python is completely dynamically typed and uses automatic memory allocation. Python has powerful high-level data structures and a simple yet effective approach to object-oriented programming. Python’s command syntax is a huge plus, its clarity, ease of understanding, and flexible typing make it an ideal language for scripting and application development in various fields on most platforms.

You can learn more about Python through each version and the structure and operating principles here.

II. Implementation Guide

To install Python 3, you can follow the following 3 installation steps.

Step 1: SSH into your VPS

First, you need to SSH into your VPS as root, if you don’t know how to SSH, you can see the instructions below:

How to log in to Linux VPS via SSH protocol

Step 2: Check your Python version

By default Python installed on Centos 7 will be Python 2.7.x version, you use the following command to check the version:

python --version

So now my VPS is using Python version 2.7.

So to upgrade to Python 3 version, go to step 3.

Step 3: Update the Yum management tool

yum -y update                    (Cập nhật yum)
yum -y install yum-utils         (Cài đặt yum utils)
yum -y groupinstall development  (cài đặt các công cụ phát triển CentOS giúp xây dựng và biên dịch phần mềm từ mã nguồn.)

Step 4: Install Python 3
To check and download the latest Python versions, you can visit the homepage here.

Since the standard yum repos don’t have the latest Python release, we will install the IUM (Inline with Upstream Stable) which will have the latest packages by running the following command:

yum install \ https://repo.ius.io/ius-release-el7.rpm \ https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

Now install Python 3, I will install Python 3.6 with the command:

yum -y install python36u

Next, we will install PIP to manage software packages for Python.

yum -y install python36u-pip

Then we will install the Python development packages.

yum -y install python36u-devel

Finally, check the Python version you just installed.

python3.6 --version

Step 5: Set Python 3 as the default

Although we have successfully installed Python 3, the VPS will still use Python version 2.7.5 as default. To change the default version, do the following:

Check the location where Python 3 has just been installed, I previously installed Python 3.6 version, so I will use the following command:

which python3.6

The path will display as follows:

root@template bin]# which python3.6
/usr/bin/python3.6

Add the Alias in bash_profile.

This section means that we will add an Alias configuration so that when calling the python command, the system will load the specified path (here is Python version 3.6). You open and edit the bash_profile file with the command:

vi ~/.bash_profile

Insert the following navigation into the .bash_profile file.

Remember to replace /usr/bin/python3.6 with the path on your VPS.

alias python='/usr/bin/python3.6'

After editing, type :x to Save the configuration.

Reload .bash_profile

source ~/.bash_profile

Recheck the Python version .

python --version

III. Summary

So in this article, I showed you how to install Python 3 and set this new version of Python as the system default. With this upgrade, you will be able to use many new packages from Python because each new package is developed they have conditions attached to the supported version. Hope this article will help you to install it successfully!

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